The preparation of forging before forging includes raw material selection, material calculation, blanking, heating, deformation force calculation, equipment selection die design.

Forging materials cover a wide range, including steel superalloys of various brands, non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper, etc.; there are bars profiles of different sizes processed at one time, ingots of various specifications; besides a large number of domestic materials suitable for China's resources, there are also materials abroad. Most of the forging materials have been listed in the national standards, many of them are new materials developed, tried popularized. As we all know, the quality of forging products is often closely related to the quality of raw materials. Therefore, workers in forging factories must have necessary material knowledge be good at selecting suitable materials according to the process requirements.

Material calculation blanking is one of the important links to improve the utilization rate of forging materials realize the refinement of blank. Excessive materials only cause waste, but also aggravate die wear energy consumption. If there is no allowance for blanking, it will increase the difficulty of process adjustment increase the reject rate. In addition, the quality of blanking end face also affects the process forging quality.

The purpose of heating is to reduce forging deformation force improve metal plasticity. However, heating also brings a series of problems, such as oxidation, decarbonization, overheating over burning. Accurate control of initial final forging temperature has great influence on the microstructure properties of products.

Flame furnace heating has the advantages of low cost strong applicability, but the heating time is long, oxidation decarburization are easy to occur, the working conditions also need to be improved. Electric induction heating has the advantages of rapid heating less oxidation, but it has poor adaptability to the change of product shape, size material.

Forging forming is produced by external force. Therefore, correct calculation of deformation force is the basis for selecting equipment checking die. It is necessary to analyze the stress strain inside the deformed body to optimize the process control the microstructure properties of the forging.

Reducing friction can only save energy, but also improve the life of die. Because the deformation is more uniform, it is helpful to improve the microstructure properties of forging products. One of the important measures to reduce friction is to use lubrication. Due to the different forging processing methods working temperatures, the lubricants used are also different. Glass lubricants are mostly used for forging high temperature alloys titanium alloys. For hot forging of steel, water-based graphite is a widely used lubricant. For cold forging, due to high pressure, phosphate oxalate treatment is often needed before forging.

There are four methods to analyze deformation force. Although the principal stress method is very strict, it is relatively simple intuitive. It can calculate the total pressure the stress distribution on the contact surface between forging tool. The slip line method is strict for plane strain problems, it is more intuitive to solve the stress distribution of local deformation of high-rise parts, but its application range is narrow. The upper bound method can give the overestimated load, the upper bound element can also predict the shape change of forgings during deformation. The finite element method can only give the change of external load shape of forging, but also the distribution of internal stress strain. The disadvantage of FEM is that it needs more computer time, especially when it is solved by elastic-plastic finite element method. Recently, there has been a trend to adopt joint methods to analyze problems, such as. The upper bound method is used for rough calculation, the finite element method is used for detailed calculation in key parts.